Johnson, Cassandra M.Ammerman, Alice S.Adair, Linda S.Aiello, Allison E.Flax, Valerie L.Elliott, SinikkaHardison-Moody, AnnieBowen, Sarah K.2021-01-112021-01-112020-12Johnson, C. M., Ammerman, A. S., Adair, L. S., Aiello, A. E., Flax, V. L., Elliott, S., Hardison-Moody, A., & Bowen, S. K. (2020). The four domain food insecurity scale (4D-FIS): Development and evaluation of a complementary food insecurity measure. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(6), pp. 1249-1580.1869-6716https://hdl.handle.net/10877/13101The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) is a valuable tool for measuring food insecurity, but it has limitations for capturing experiences of less severe food insecurity. To develop and test the Four Domain Food Insecurity Scale (4D-FIS), a complementary measure designed to assess all four domains of the food access dimension of food insecurity (quantitative, qualitative, psychological, and social).Low-income Black, Latina, and White women (n = 109) completed semi-structured (qualitative) and structured (quantitative) interviews. Interviewers separately administered two food insecurity scales, including the 4D-FIS and the USDA FSSM adult scale. A scoring protocol was developed to determine food insecurity status with the 4D-FIS. Analyses included a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the hypothesized structure of the 4D-FIS and an initial evaluation of reliability and validity. A four-factor model fit the data reasonably well as judged with fit indices. Results showed relatively high factor loadings and inter-factor correlations indicated that factors were distinct. Cronbach’s alpha (ɑ) for the overall scale was 0.90 (subscale ɑ ranged from 0.69 to 0.91) and provided support for the scale’s internal consistency reliability. There was fair overall agreement between the 4D-FIS and USDA FSSM adult scale, but agreement varied by category. Findings provide preliminary support for the 4D-FIS as a complementary measure of food insecurity, with implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working in U.S. communities.Text11 pages1 file (.pdf)enfood insecurityfood supplyhungernutrition surveyswomenvulnerable populationsFamily and Consumer SciencesArticle© 2021 The Author(s).https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa125This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.